could recall the correct rules and formula for calculating the area and perimeter of a variety of shapes

needs to remember to calculate the area of shapes accurately, eg half a circle he needs to remember to divide by 2 at some point.

Could answer a variety of complicated questions with ease and remembered to calculate the area of semicircles correctly.

Ben needs to try to understand what a question is actually asking for before trying to answer it.

After a few explanations, Ben understood and was able to work out problems related to the volume/surface area of cylinders and some other 3d shapes.

When introduced to cylinders from rectangular prisms, Ben Didn't try to bring any knowledge or logic over from prior questions, even though it was a similar question with just different context.

Caige could easily recall what most of the important concepts were and could explain them to an extent I could understand.

Caige needs to try to learn and memorise actual definitions for the terms and topics he works with, as quite often he ended up trying to piece together an explanation that he knew, but struggled to explain it to someone else.